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elasticSearch查询字符串查询(query_string)

发布时间：2021-09-06 21:42:21编辑：雪饮阅读（）

 查询字符串查询

此查询使用查询解析器和query_string关键字。 例如，
http://localhost:9200/schools*/_search get
请求体：
{
   "query":{
      "query_string":{
         "query":"Central School"
      }
   }
}
响应体：
{
    "took": 47,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 3,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.1631508,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "schools",
                "_type": "school",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 1.1631508,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "Central School",
                    "description": "CBSE Affiliation",
                    "street": "Nagan",
                    "city": "paprola",
                    "state": "HP",
                    "zip": "176115",
                    "location": [
                        31.8955385,
                        76.8380405
                    ],
                    "fees": 2000,
                    "tags": [
                        "Senior Secondary",
                        "beautiful campus"
                    ],
                    "rating": "3.5"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "schools",
                "_type": "school",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": 1.1631508,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "Central School",
                    "description": "ICSE",
                    "street": "West End",
                    "city": "pune",
                    "state": "UP",
                    "zip": "250002",
                    "location": [
                        28.9926174,
                        77.692485
                    ],
                    "fees": 3500,
                    "tags": [
                        "fully computerized"
                    ],
                    "rating": "4.5"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "schools",
                "_type": "school",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 0.23883039,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "Saint Paul School",
                    "description": "ICSE Afiliation",
                    "street": "Dawarka",
                    "city": "Delhi",
                    "state": "Delhi",
                    "zip": "110075",
                    "location": [
                        28.5733056,
                        77.0122136
                    ],
                    "fees": 5000,
                    "tags": [
                        "Good Faculty",
                        "Great Sports"
                    ],
                    "rating": "4.5"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
这里可以看到query的值是一个字符串而并不是一个单词。
那么实际上不要被这里误解了，并不是说仅查询字符串查询可以查询字符串，而普通匹配查询就只能查询单词。
再来看看普通的匹配查询
http://localhost:9200/schools*/_search get
请求体：
{
   "query":{
      "match" : {
         "name":"Central School"
      }
   }
}
响应体：
{
    "took": 67,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 3,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.1631508,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "schools",
                "_type": "school",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 1.1631508,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "Central School",
                    "description": "CBSE Affiliation",
                    "street": "Nagan",
                    "city": "paprola",
                    "state": "HP",
                    "zip": "176115",
                    "location": [
                        31.8955385,
                        76.8380405
                    ],
                    "fees": 2000,
                    "tags": [
                        "Senior Secondary",
                        "beautiful campus"
                    ],
                    "rating": "3.5"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "schools",
                "_type": "school",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": 1.1631508,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "Central School",
                    "description": "ICSE",
                    "street": "West End",
                    "city": "pune",
                    "state": "UP",
                    "zip": "250002",
                    "location": [
                        28.9926174,
                        77.692485
                    ],
                    "fees": 3500,
                    "tags": [
                        "fully computerized"
                    ],
                    "rating": "4.5"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "schools",
                "_type": "school",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 0.23883039,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "Saint Paul School",
                    "description": "ICSE Afiliation",
                    "street": "Dawarka",
                    "city": "Delhi",
                    "state": "Delhi",
                    "zip": "110075",
                    "location": [
                        28.5733056,
                        77.0122136
                    ],
                    "fees": 5000,
                    "tags": [
                        "Good Faculty",
                        "Great Sports"
                    ],
                    "rating": "4.5"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
可以看到普通匹配查询也能查多个单词，就我觉得上面无论那种查询多个单词被视为一个整体（包含空格）。
那么实际上查询字符串查询与上篇中的multi_match查询有点类似。
查询字符串支持Lucene语法来解释文本，其中为 multi_match只是尝试将给定的“文本”与列出的字段的索引值进行匹配。