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Tomcat系列之apache使用mod_jk和mod_proxy反向代理tomcat

发布时间：2019-07-20 01:52:30编辑：雪饮阅读（）

集群架构与环境：

redhat6.4-i386用httpd-2.4.4做前端
两台redhat5.8-i386用apache-tomcat-7.0.33做后端
前端提供对外访问的网卡接口

后端与前端通过仅主机网卡通信

ip规划：

前端对外:192.168.2.172

前端对内:192.168.128.134

后端1：192.168.128.135

后端2：192.168.128.136

前端环境搭建

[root@localhost src]# tar -xvf apr-1.4.6.tar.bz2

[root@localhost apr-1.4.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr --disable-ipv6

[root@localhost apr-1.4.6]# make

[root@localhost apr-1.4.6]# make install

 

[root@localhost src]# tar xvf apr-util-1.5.2.tar.bz2

[root@localhost apr-util-1.5.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr

[root@localhost apr-util-1.5.2]# make

[root@localhost apr-util-1.5.2]# make install

 

[root@localhost src]# tar -xvf httpd-2.4.4.tar.bz2

[root@localhost httpd-2.4.4]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=event --enable-proxy --enable-proxy-http --enable-proxy-ajp --enable-proxy-balancer  --enable-lbmethod-heartbeat --enable-heartbeat --enable-slotmem-shm  --enable-slotmem-plain --enable-watchdog

[root@localhost httpd-2.4.4]#make

[root@localhost httpd-2.4.4]#make install

后端环境搭建

jdk环境配置见:Tomcat系列之java技术详解

安装tomcat见:Tomcat系列之组件详解及服务安装配置

mod_proxy实现前端httpd为后端tomcat反向代理

先以为其中一个后端反向代理为例

后端1配置

[root@localhost conf]# cat /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>

<!--

  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more

  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with

  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.

  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0

  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with

  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

 

      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

 

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

  limitations under the License.

-->

<!-- Note:  A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not

     define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.

     Documentation at /docs/config/server.html

 -->

<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">

  <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html

  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />

  -->

  <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->

  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />

  <!--Initialize Jasper prior to webapps are loaded. Documentation at /docs/jasper-howto.html -->

  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />

  <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->

  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />

  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />

  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />

 

  <!-- Global JNDI resources

       Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html

  -->

  <GlobalNamingResources>

    <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by

         UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users

    -->

    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"

              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"

              description="User database that can be updated and saved"

              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"

              pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />

  </GlobalNamingResources>

 

  <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share

       a single "Container" Note:  A "Service" is not itself a "Container",

       so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.

       Documentation at /docs/config/service.html

   -->

  <Service name="Catalina">

 

    <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->

    <!--

    <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"

        maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>

    -->

 

 

    <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received

         and responses are returned. Documentation at :

         Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking)

         Java AJP  Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html

         APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html

         Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080

    -->

    <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"

               connectionTimeout="20000"

               redirectPort="8443" />

    <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->

    <!--

    <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"

               port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"

               connectionTimeout="20000"

               redirectPort="8443" />

    -->

    <!-- Define a SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443

         This connector uses the JSSE configuration, when using APR, the

         connector should be using the OpenSSL style configuration

         described in the APR documentation -->

    <!--

    <Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true"

               maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true"

               clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" />

    -->

 

    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->

    <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />

 

 

    <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes

         every request.  The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone

         analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them

         on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).

         Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->

 

    <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :

    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">

    -->

    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="www.xynes.cn" jvmRoute="TomcatA">

 

      <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:

          /docs/cluster-howto.html  (simple how to)

          /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->

      <!--

      <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>

      -->

 

      <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords

           via a brute-force attack -->

      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">

        <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI

             resources under the key "UserDatabase".  Any edits

             that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately

             available for use by the Realm.  -->

        <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"

               resourceName="UserDatabase"/>

      </Realm>

 

      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"

            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

 

        <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications

             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->

        <!--

        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />

        -->

 

        <!-- Access log processes all example.

             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html

             Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->

        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"

               prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"

               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />

 

      </Host>

      <Host name="www.xynes.cn"  appBase="/web"

            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

         <Context path="" docBase="webapps" reLoadable="true" />

      </Host>

    </Engine>

  </Service>

</Server>

[root@localhost conf]# mkdir -p /web/webapps

然后用启动tomcat服务

/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start

再放上一个测试用的jsp脚本

[root@localhost /]# cat /web/webapps/cs.jsp

<%@ page language="java" %>

<html>

  <head><title>TomcatA</title></head>

  <body>

    <h1><font color="red">TomcatA </font></h1>

    <table align="centre" border="1">

      <tr>

        <td>Session ID</td>

    <% session.setAttribute("abc","abc"); %>

        <td><%= session.getId() %></td>

      </tr>

      <tr>

        <td>Created on</td>

        <td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>

     </tr>

    </table>

  </body>

</html>

然后测试访问



 

前端apache配置

httpd.conf：

去除中心主机：DocumentRoot "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs"

添加httpd-proxy(虚拟主机)配置，位于“<IfModule proxy_html_module>”中

#Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf

Include conf/extra/httpd-proxy.conf

去除该模块的注释

LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so

去除该处注释

ServerName www.example.com:80

则虚拟主机配置文件：

[root@localhost extra]# cat /usr/local/httpd/conf/extra/httpd-proxy.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>

 ProxyVia On

 ProxyRequests Off

 ProxyPass / http://192.168.128.135:8080/

 ProxyPassReverse / http://192.168.128.135:8080/

 <Proxy *>

   Require all granted

 </Proxy>

 <Location  / >

    Require all granted

 </Location>

</VirtualHost>

然后启动apache并测试效果

如果能出现上面的界面，则基于mod_proxy方式的反向代理就完成了。

 

 

mod_jk实现前端httpd为后端tomcat反向代理

在mod_proxy的方式上稍作修改即可完成mod_jk实现前端httpd为后端tomcat反向代理

前端配置

为apache安装tomcat-connectors模块

[root@localhost src]# tar -zxvf tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src.tar.gz

[root@localhost src]#cd tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src/native/

[root@localhost native]# ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/httpd/bin/apxs

[root@localhost native]# make

[root@localhost native]# make install

再次配置httpd.conf

将上一方式所配置的Include conf/extra/httpd-proxy.conf注释掉并新增如下：

Include conf/extra/httpd-jk.conf

则httpd-jk.conf配置如：

[root@localhost extra]# cat /usr/local/httpd/conf/extra/httpd-jk.conf

LoadModule  jk_module  modules/mod_jk.so

JkWorkersFile  /usr/local/httpd/conf/extra/workers.properties

JkLogFile  /usr/local/httpd/logs/mod_jk.log

JkLogLevel  debug

JkMount  /*  TomcatA

JkMount  /status/  stat1

则workers.properties配置如：

[root@localhost extra]# cat /usr/local/httpd/conf/extra/workers.properties

worker.list = TomcatA,stat1

worker.TomcatA.port = 8009

worker.TomcatA.host = 192.168.128.135

worker.TomcatA.type = ajp13

worker.TomcatA.lbfactor = 1

worker.stat1.type = status

然后重启前端，再次测试反向代理，多用几个不同浏览器测试，和上面的方式效果一样就ok了